6. Referencing

6.3 Referencing Examples

• Referencing styles

  At Solent most courses require Harvard Solent style referencing. Some courses require a different style. For example, Law students should use OSCOLA and Psychology students should use APA style. Check with your tutors before starting an assignment to find out which style to use. 

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  Harvard Solent style

  In the table below are links to many different example references in Harvard Solent style. As well as choosing the correct type of reference for your sources, you may have to deal with challenges such as:

  • no example for a source
  • missing author
  • multiple authors
  • authors or multiple works
  • secondary references
  • unpublished sources
  • anonymous documents

  
  

  HARVARD SOLENT REFERENCING EXAMPLES

  Written Resources	Journal Article -  Book and Book Section - Magazine or Newspaper Article - Conference Paper - Dissertation, Thesis - Play Text
  Audio, Image and Video	Film, Video, DVD - Image -    Musical Score - Radio, Podcasts - Sound Recording, Song, Album - TV Programme -  Interview - Video Game - Charts, Graphs and Tables
  Live performances	General Performance - Presentation -  Play Performance - Concerts and Live Music
  Web resources	Social Media, Blog, Discussion List - Website, YouTube and Wikis
  Specialist Resources	OSIRIS - FAME - Market Research (Mintel) - XpertHR - Map - Statista -Standards
  Legal Resources	Legislation (UK) - Legal Case (UK) - Legislation (EU and International) - Legal Case (EU) - Command Paper - Hansard
  Personal Communication	Email Correspondence - Personal Letters, Telephone Calls

• Harvard Solent style references Book

  This book contains all the different examples of Harvard Solent style linked to above. Once you open the book, you can navigate the different types of references using the table of contents which appears on the left. 
• Library Guide to Harvard Referencing File

  This guide produced by the library summarises the most important information about Harvard Solent style and gives examples for the most common types of source and problem. 
  

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  APA style

  
  

  Psychology courses use APA referencing style. See the Psychology Writing Guidelines below for an introduction to using this style for Psychology. Use the APA Referencing book to see examples of how to format your references and how to deal with different types of source.

• Psychology Written Assessment Guidelines File
• APA referencing Book
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  OSCOLA

  
  

  If you are studying Law, you will be expected to use OSCOLA style. You can access a number of resources to help you understand and use OSCOLA in your work. 

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  Other styles

  
  

  Your tutors may ask you to use other referencing styles for your work. If this is the case, ask your tutor for guidance material for how to cite different types of sources and format your references in your work. 

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• Useful Abbreviations

  These are some abbreviations you might find useful when referencing, particularly if some of the details you need for a reference are missing.

  anon.	anonymous
  dir.	director
  ed(s).	editor(s) or edition
  et al.	and others (for multiple authors)
  wr.	writer
  prod.	producer
  p.	page
  pp.	pages
  op. cit.	in the work already quoted
  ibid.	in the same book or article etc as just quoted
  n.d.	date unknown
  s.l.	place of publication unknown
  s.n.	publisher unknown