6.3 Referencing Styles
Referencing styles
At Solent most courses require Harvard Style referencing. Some courses require a different style. For example, Law students should use OSCOLA and Psychology students should use APA style. Check with your tutors before starting an assignment to find out which style to use.
Harvard style
Below are links to many different example references in Harvard Style. As well as choosing the correct type of reference for your sources, you may have to deal with challenges such as no example for a source, a missing author, multiple authors, authors or multiple works, or use secondary references.
HARVARD REFERENCING EXAMPLES
Written Resources
Journal Article - Book and Book Section - Magazine or Newspaper Article - Conference Paper - Dissertation, Thesis - Play Text
Audio, Image and Video
Film, Video, DVD - Image - Musical Score - Radio, Podcasts - Sound Recording, Song, Album - TV Programme - Interview - Video Game - Charts, Graphs and Tables Live performances
General Performance - Presentation - Play Performance - Concerts and Live Music Web resources
Social Media, Blog, Discussion List - Website, YouTube and Wikis Specialist Resources
OSIRIS - FAME - Market Research (Mintel) - XpertHR - Map - Statista -Standards Legal Resources
Legislation (UK) - Legal Case (UK) - Legislation (EU and International) - Legal Case (EU) - Command Paper - Hansard Personal Communication
Email Correspondence - Personal Letters, Telephone Calls - This book contains all the different examples of Harvard Style linked to above. Once you open the book, you can navigate the different types of references using the table of contents which appears on the left.
This guide produced by the library summarises the most important information about Harvard Style and gives examples for the most common types of source and problem.
APA style
Psychology courses use APA referencing style. See the Psychology Writing Guidelines below for an introduction to using this style for Psychology. Use the APA Referencing book to see examples of how to format your references and how to deal with different types of source.
OSCOLA
If you are studying Law, you will be expected to use OSCOLA style. You can access a number of resources to help you understand and use OSCOLA in your work.
Other styles
Your tutors may ask you to use other referencing styles for your work. If this is the case, ask your tutor for guidance material for how to cite different types of sources and format your references in your work.
Useful Abbreviations
These are some abbreviations you might find useful when referencing, particularly if some of the details you need for a reference are missing.
anon. anonymous dir. director ed(s). editor(s) or edition et al. and others (for multiple authors) wr. writer prod. producer p. page pp. pages op. cit. in the work already quoted ibid. in the same book or article etc as just quoted n.d. date unknown s.l. place of publication unknown s.n. publisher unknown